CompTIA N10-008 Exam Questions

Network Time Protocol (NTP): NTP is a widely adopted protocol for synchronizing clocks across network devices. It ensures that all devices have accurate and consistent time. NTP uses a hierarchical system of time sources to maintain synchronization.

Professor Messer - Network+ Certification Course

CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide

Auvik - Network Time Synchronization: Why and How It Works

The type of network being described here is aWAN (Wide Area Network). BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is commonly used for routing between different autonomous systems (ASes) over large geographical distances, such as connecting branch offices across states or countries.

WAN (Wide Area Network): A WAN spans a large geographic area and connects multiple LANs (Local Area Networks) or other networks. It allows communication between distant locations, such as connecting branch offices, data centers, or remote sites. BGP is often used in WANs to exchange routing information between different ASes.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used for routing between autonomous systems (ASes). It enables routers in different ASes to exchange information about network reachability and select optimal paths for data transmission.

The servers can communicate with each other but not the internet, indicating local network connectivity is fine. The distribution switch's VLAN and IP configuration are correct, and the engineer can reach the core router, suggesting the issue is not with the switch or the router. The most likely cause is that the servers do not have a default gateway configured, which is necessary for traffic to leave the local network and reach the internet.

Switches operate atLayer 2andLayer 3of the OSI model. Here's a brief explanation for each layer:

Layer 2 (Data Link Layer):

Switches primarily operate at this layer.

They use MAC addresses to forward frames within a local network (LAN).

Switches create and maintain MAC address tables to make forwarding decisions.

Examples of switches include Ethernet switches and VLAN switches.

Layer 3 (Network Layer):

Some advanced switches (known asLayer 3 switches) can perform routing functions.

Layer 3 switches can route traffic between different subnets within the same LAN.

They use IP addresses to make routing decisions.

Layer 3 switches combine the features of switches and routers.

During the TCP three-way handshake process, the following fields are negotiated:

A . Sequence number: Initial sequence numbers are established during the handshake to keep track of the segments in the communication.

C . Window size: This determines the amount of data that can be sent before receiving an acknowledgment.

G . Acknowledgment number: This confirms receipt of the data and also indicates the next expected byte.

The other options are not negotiated during the three-way handshake:

B . MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit): This is determined at the network layer and is not negotiated during the handshake.

D . MSS (Maximum Segment Size): This is communicated during the handshake but not negotiated; it's declared by the sender to inform the receiver of the maximum segment size it can handle.

E . TTL (Time To Live): This is set in each IP packet to limit its lifespan and is not negotiated during the handshake.

F- Flags: Specific flags are used during the handshake (SYN and ACK), but they are not ''negotiated'' per se.

H) CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check): This is used for error-checking in frames at the data link layer and is not part of the three-way handshake.