GAQM CITM-001 Exam Questions

Lower level management, also known as supervisory or operational management, is the lowest tier of the managerial hierarchy. It consists of managers who oversee the work of employees and report to middle level managers. Lower level managers can make use of the managerial hierarchy to obtain approvals or additional guidance from their superiors when they face problems or challenges that are beyond their authority or expertise. The managerial hierarchy also helps lower level managers to communicate and coordinate with other managers and departments within the organization.Reference:3, CITM Study Guide, Chapter 2: Organizational Structure and Design, Section 2.1: Types of Organizational Structures, Page 18.

Interviews are a user-oriented design technique that allows the systems analyst to spend a great deal of time with the users, understanding their needs, preferences, expectations, and problems. Interviews can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, depending on the level of flexibility and depth required. Interviews can provide rich and detailed insights into the users' context, goals, tasks, and pain points, as well as their feedback and suggestions for improvement. Interviews can also help to establish rapport and trust between the systems analyst and the users, which can facilitate the design process and user acceptance.Reference:User-Centered Design Basics | Usability.gov,User-centered design: Definition, examples, and tips

A malicious program that records a user's keystrokes is an example of aTrojan horse. A Trojan horse is a type of malware that masquerades as a legitimate file or application, but secretly performs malicious actions in the background. A Trojan horse can be used to install other malware, such as keyloggers, on the victim's device. A keylogger is a specific type of Trojan horse that captures and sends the user's keystrokes to a remote attacker, who can use them to steal sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal data.

The other options are not correct because:

Adware is a type of malware that displays unwanted advertisements on the user's device, often redirecting them to malicious websites or installing more malware. Adware does not necessarily record the user's keystrokes, although some adware may have keylogging capabilities.

An anti-virus program is a software that protects the user's device from malware, such as viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware, etc. An anti-virus program does not record the user's keystrokes, but rather scans and removes any malicious programs that may do so.

A performance monitor is a software that measures and displays the performance of the user's device, such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk space, network traffic, etc. A performance monitor does not record the user's keystrokes, but rather provides useful information for troubleshooting or optimizing the device.

CITM Study Guide, Chapter 7: IT Security Management, pp. 131-132

What Is a keylogger and how to detect keystroke logging - Norton

Keylogger: how to recover the infected pc? - Panda Security

Reciprocal interdependence occurs when two organizations depend on each other in a cyclical manner, such that the output of one becomes the input of the other and vice versa. This type of interdependence is the most complex and difficult to manage, as it requires constant coordination and communication between the organizations. An example of reciprocal interdependence is the relationship between a software development company and a software testing company, where each one relies on the feedback and quality of the other's work.Reference:Three Types of Interdependence in an Organizational Structure,Interdependence in International Organization and Global Governance

Sequential interdependence occurs when the output of one unit or group becomes the input for another. This type of interdependence requires coordination and communication among the units or groups involved, as any delay or error in one unit can affect the performance of the next unit.An example of sequential interdependence is an assembly line, where each stage of production depends on the previous one12Reference:

1: 9.4 Intergroup Behavior and Performance - OpenStax

2: Three Types of Interdependence in an Organizational Structure | Small Business - Chron.com